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113 lines
3.4 KiB
Plaintext
113 lines
3.4 KiB
Plaintext
import Layout from '~/layouts/DefaultGuideLayout'
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export const meta = {
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id: 'pg_jsonschema',
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title: 'pg_jsonschema: JSON Schema Validation',
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description: 'Validate json/jsonb with JSON Schema in PostgreSQL.',
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}
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[JSON Schema](https://json-schema.org) is a language for annotating and validating JSON documents. [`pg_jsonschema`](https://github.com/supabase/pg_jsonschema) is a PostgreSQL extension that adds the ability to validate PostgreSQL's built-in `json` and `jsonb` data types against JSON Schema documents.
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## Enable the extension
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<Tabs
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scrollable
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size="small"
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type="underlined"
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defaultActiveId="dashboard"
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queryGroup="database-method"
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>
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<TabPanel id="dashboard" label="Dashboard">
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1. Go to the [Database](https://supabase.com/dashboard/project/_/database/tables) page in the Dashboard.
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2. Click on **Extensions** in the sidebar.
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3. Search for "pg_jsonschema" and enable the extension.
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</TabPanel>
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<TabPanel id="sql" label="SQL">
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{/* prettier-ignore */}
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```sql
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-- Enable the "pg_jsonschema" extension
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create extension pg_jsonschema with schema extensions;
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-- Disable the "pg_jsonschema" extension
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drop extension if exists pg_jsonschema;
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```
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Even though the SQL code is `create extension`, this is the equivalent of "enabling the extension".
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To disable an extension you can call `drop extension`.
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It's good practice to create the extension within a separate schema (like `extensions`) to keep the `public` schema clean.
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</TabPanel>
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</Tabs>
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## Functions
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- [`json_matches_schema(schema json, instance json)`](https://github.com/supabase/pg_jsonschema#api): Checks if a `json` _instance_ conforms to a JSON Schema _schema_.
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- [`jsonb_matches_schema(schema json, instance jsonb)`](https://github.com/supabase/pg_jsonschema#api): Checks if a `jsonb` _instance_ conforms to a JSON Schema _schema_.
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## Usage
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Since `pg_jsonschema` exposes its utilities as functions, we can execute them with a select statement:
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{/* prettier-ignore */}
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```sql
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select
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extensions.json_matches_schema(
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schema := '{"type": "object"}',
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instance := '{}'
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);
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```
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`pg_jsonschema` is generally used in tandem with a [check constraint](https://www.postgresql.org/docs/current/ddl-constraints.html) as a way to constrain the contents of a json/b column to match a JSON Schema.
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{/* prettier-ignore */}
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```sql
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create table customer(
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id serial primary key,
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...
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metadata json,
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check (
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json_matches_schema(
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'{
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"type": "object",
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"properties": {
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"tags": {
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"type": "array",
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"items": {
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"type": "string",
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"maxLength": 16
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}
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}
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}
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}',
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metadata
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)
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)
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);
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-- Example: Valid Payload
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insert into customer(metadata)
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values ('{"tags": ["vip", "darkmode-ui"]}');
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-- Result:
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-- INSERT 0 1
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-- Example: Invalid Payload
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insert into customer(metadata)
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values ('{"tags": [1, 3]}');
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-- Result:
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-- ERROR: new row for relation "customer" violates check constraint "customer_metadata_check"
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-- DETAIL: Failing row contains (2, {"tags": [1, 3]}).
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```
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## Resources
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- Official [`pg_jsonschema` documentation](https://github.com/supabase/pg_jsonschema)
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export const Page = ({ children }) => <Layout meta={meta} children={children} />
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export default Page
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